A new player in the EU ecosystem

Article 23 of the Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA) is the world’s first regulation requiring oil and gas producers to contribute to CO₂ storage in proportion to their fossil fuel production. Uncertainties remain around implementation, compliance, and loopholes. We focus on tracking the Article 23 implementation and assessing its future.

There is a lack of viable funding mechanisms to scale permanent CDR. Beyond EU ETS integration, no compliance-based models have been fully researched or developed to guide EU policy. We explore that gap by exploring long-term CDR obligations for reaching net zero and going net-negative in the EU.

In 2025, the European Commission will publish its recommendations for the EU’s 2040 climate target. We focus on bridging academic insights with the policyworld by developing clear legislative recommendations for disaggregated targets to ensure transparency, accountability, and real progress toward net zero.